Order Management Cycle Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Order Management Cycle - Research Paper Example Order Management Cycle A longer process involved in ordering as well as receiving the product or service will lead to customer dissatisfaction and result in huge loss for the company. If an OMC of a company is properly designed and activated, the whole process- from taking an order to delivering it on time, will not only lead to customer satisfaction and help in regenerating orders (Shapiro, July 1992). The OMC involves planning through its ten steps, drawing charts to establish the problems and maintaining interdepartmental coordination. The main aim of a company is customer satisfaction and financial gains. Customer satisfaction depends upon the order and so the order should be completed efficiently to gain financial profits. The OMC involves a process where each and every aspect of the order is looked after in details. Thus once an order is properly executed it will result in good feedback from the customer and help in regenerating orders which will increase the profit margin of the company. Thus we see that a company’s profit margin is influenced by the OMC to a large extent (Shapiro, July 1992). The best approach that a company can take to determine its problems and the root causes is through Analysis. The first step of analyzing is to build a systematic OMC and a related chart which shows a company’s performance through various levels.. For example, a company had made a separate room where it had built a big chart showing the various order levels, the cracks that were created, and the problems between various levels and the steps that need be taken to overcome the problems. Through the analysis method, each and every employee of the company becomes aware of the ongoing progress and the various levels where work needs to be done to increase sales and profit as well. The second type of analysis is to make the OMC from the customer’s point of view. A manager should see an order from the customer’s eyes and execute it accordingly. It is said that â€Å"Every time an order is handled, a customer is handled and every time an order sits unattended, a customer is unattended.† An executive should be able to invent a product from a customer’s perspective and provide extraordinary service to them so as to enhance the profit as well the goodwill of the company (Shapiro, July 1992). Finally, there are various companies who have made customer satisfaction, higher profits and sustainable competitive advantage as their main goals to be successful. For this a manager of accompany requires to analyze its different types of customers, its different kinds of orders, geography and other relevant data in order to analyze the relation between its customers and competitors and also between its volume and pricing. To collaborate cross functional efficiency and design a performance metrics, projects should be initiated to improve the OMC which covers all the departments of a company. The company’s plans and strategies needs to be communicated to all the personnel involved and information technology should be used to integrate the diffe rent steps of the OMC (Shapiro, July 1992). A performance matrix of a company can give a wrong indication of a company’s OMC efficiency. For example, a company’

Idea Of Chivalry And Double Jeopardy Criminology Essay

Idea Of Chivalry And Double Jeopardy Criminology Essay The purpose of the Criminal Justice System is to deliver justice to all, by protecting innocent members of the society, to punish and convict criminals and to provide help to them in an attempt to stop them offending; at least that is what the society expects of the Criminal Justice System. It is supposed to deliver justice in a fair manner regardless of gender. However much is written that suggests otherwise. Chivalry, believed by Pollak (1960) is a theory which claims that women are treated in a less harsh way by the courts and prisons because of their nature as women, which then distorts criminal statistics. However, Gregory Leonard (1982/83) disregard the chivalry factor as the cause of a gender gap in crime and Heidensohn (1985 cited in Jewkes and Letherby 2002 p.180) illustrates the theory of chivalry in a case reported in the Daily Mirror in January 1978 where a mother flogged her eight-year old son with a belt, gave him cold baths and forced him to stand naked for hours at night. The mother was jailed but later allowed to go freely because the courts said she needed to look after her other child. This case is a great illustration of how women are more favoured by the courts than men. This view can be seen as ideological and unsociological as it is based on female biology. Carmen (1983 cited in Jewkes and Letherby 2002 p.183) quotes sherrifs if she is a good mother we dont want to take her away. If shes not it doesnt really matter. This shows that the sentencing of a woman is based on her nurturing nature being of good standard or otherwise. A Home office study research 170, titled Understanding the sentencing of women was a study which made an effort to address the lack of extensive research into the way women are sentenced. The main aim of the study was to establish how the Magistrates go about taking account of the substantive differences in mens and womens lives and their perceptions of justice. The study was in two parts, in part 1 a test carried out suggested that women were less likely than comparable males to receive a prison sentence but they were more likely to be discharged or sentenced to a community penalty. However it was suggested that instead of the findings being interpreted as a general policy of leniency towards women, it should rather be seen that the sentencers may be reluctant to fine a woman possibly because they may be penalising her children, rather than just herself. This may have been all well and good if it were the days when majority of women still upheld their stereotypical domestic role as mothers and keepers of the home. It is part of family ideology that a womans place is in the home, while a mans task is to out to work to earn the money to support his wife and children (Allan, G 1999, p.191). However, we now live in a society where women are now bread winners, house hold duties are also taken on by men, women divorce their husbands for one reason or the other and consequently leaving the children behind for the father to take care of them. The Criminal Justice System might not take into account when sentencing men, that some of them are actually both mother and father to the children and carry out the role of the mother. In part 2 of the study nearly 200 Magistrates were interviewed; the Magistrates said they found it difficult to compare their sentencing between men and women because they dealt with female offenders less frequently. Nonetheless, they distinguished between troubled and troublesome and tended to locate most women in the troubled category. It was par tly because women tended to be first offenders, facing less serious charges than men and because they behaved more respectfully in court. The Magistrates went on to say that because they regarding women offenders as troubled, they responded to their offending with measures (a discharge or probation) designed to assist them to lead law abiding lives rather than punishing them. In an article by Jason Bennetto in The Independent, it is said that more women are committing violent crimes, particularly street robbery, burglary and fighting, and that part of the problem believed to be causing this is the result of neglect, abuse and drug or alcohol addiction. According to a report, Crimes of Desperation 2008, a significant amount of crime committed by females is rooted in poverty. As much as poverty may be the driving force for some, others may simply be using the money they have to fund their drug and alcohol use and subsequently turning to crime to further fund their tendencies. A Survey of over 1,000 mothers in prison, appears to provide some support for this report, 54% said they had no money, 38% needed to support their children, 35% were on drugs or alcoholics, 33% had family problems and 33%had no job. Caddle and Crisp (1997 cited in Newburn, T 2007 p.809) It was argued firstly by Freda Adler and later Rita Simon that female crime rates had been increasing rapidly in the late 80s and early 1970s and that they were changing their offending patterns to more masculine styles; it was due to the growth of the modern womens movement. (Maguire, M. Morgan, R. Reiner, R. 2012) In an empirical research looking at whether men and women offend for similar reasons, it was in relation to property crime that women featured most heavily in, which led to some commentators arguing that many women became involved in criminal activity for mostly to provide for children or family in circumstances where there are limited legitimate opportunities. (Newburn, T. 2007) The point is that female delinquents are not perceived to be merely adopting behaviour more usually associated with males, they are portrayed as being chromosomally or genetically abnormal. This means that the treatment of such o ¬Ã¢â€š ¬enders becomes justi ¬Ã‚ able, the aims, intentionality and rationality of the deviant act are overlooked and the social and cultural conditions under which the act took place can be relegated to the vague status of environ- mental factors whose only role is to occasionally trigger the inherent path- ology of the deviant. Crime and delinquency can thereby be treated as an individual, not social, phenomenon Smart (n.d) An alternative view to that of chivalry is double jeopardy. Heidensohn (1985) suggesting that female offenders are subjected to double jeopardy, meaning that when they are on trial, they are not only on trial for the crime they committed but also also for their femininity. Also, if any, female offenders are penalized for their sexual misconduct, while the male counterparts are not. Therefore the courts operate a double standard for female offenders. Womens low share of recorded criminality has significant consequences for those women who do offend: they are seen to have transgressed not only social norms but gender norms as well. As a result they may, especially when informal sanctions are being taken into account, feel that they are doubly punished. (Maguire, M. Morgan, R. Reiner, R. 2012) In murder cases, women get tougher sentences than men do, because in most cases the murder is premeditated. The case of R v Ahluwalia (1992) is about a woman who was being sexually abused, bullied and violently abused by her husband. After 10 years of abuse, she decided shed had enough and she poured petrol over her husbands body and set fire to him, six days later he died. She was convicted of murder because according S.3 of the Homicide act 1957 there must be a sudden and temporary loss of self-control which she did not possess at the time she killed her husband. It was seen as pre meditated because the abuse took place over 10 years. The defendant was then sentenced to life imprisonment, but was later released. Another case is the one of Zoorah Shah who was given a life sentence for killing her boyfriend by putting arsenic in his food. The courts did not take into account the fact that she was beaten regularly and exploited by her boyfriend to be prostitute. These cases are a majo r contrast to the case of David Hampson: a man smashed the head of his wife with a hammer and killed her. His reason for the murder was that his wife had nagged him for years. The judge accepted his reason as a reasonable excuse to be provoked to kill someone. He was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to six years. Looking at these cases it shows the practicality of women being subjected to double jeopardy. It seems that these women are not only being punished for their crime but also because of their biological nature. Also, it seems to show that the courts believe that it is more acceptable for a man to lose his temper as opposed to a woman, because a womans nature is meant to be submissive, calm and rational. Some would say that women should not be aggressive as it is not in their nature. Womens nature should not be a deciding factor when sentencing, if particular sentence is rightly appropriate and deserved then it should be served. If the leniency on women offenders keeps being applied, it only means they wont learn their lesson and will not be deterred in the future to committing crime again. According to a report published in 2010 in the BBC news, statistics showed that re-offending rates by women went up by four times that for men by 16.4%, compared with 4.2%.

Pat Conroys The Lords Of Discipline Essay -- Lords Discipline Pat Con

Pat Conroy's "The Lords Of Discipline" Conroy displays his life through his novel, The Lords of Discipline, to give readers a visual demonstration of how life connections can transform the entity of a novel. Conroy's attendance to the Citadel, his family, and the South helped influence his innovative writing style. "A lifetime in a Southern family negated any possibility that he [Will/Conroy] could resign from the school under any conditions other than unequivocal disgrace (6)." Conroy's family held a strong control over his will to renounce the hardship of the Citadel. A pervasive admiration for his mother runs through the book as he declares her as being one of the main reasons he continues to stay in the Institute, and the one who kept him in line through both his boyhood and his passage to maturity. "Her severity was soft, but severity nonethelessÂ… the discipline of my mother disguised itself in love and tenderness and often held fa...

Outsourcing Customer Service Essay

Outsourcing Customer Service Executive Summary The choice to outsource company’s relations with their customers is a choice many businesses are making. With the costs of labor more than a quarter of the rate an average customer service representative makes in the United States (U. S. ), large companies are making the choice to offshore some, or the entire company’s customers service departments to other countries. To many of these companies, the benefits are out weighing the issues relating to outsourcing in general. Breaches of security and customer satisfaction are some of the problems businesses are facing when making the choice to offshore. Are cutting costs more beneficial than customers losing faith in the products of the company? Outsourcing Customer Service Outsourcing is a business practice that is used around the world. This paper will describe the business case for a company to outsource some of its operations, and the risks that are weighed when choosing to outsource. What impacts those decisions have on the company and its customers will also be discussed. A Background on Outsourcing Outsourcing customer service overseas involves hiring another company abroad to take over either some or the entire customer support department. Outsourcing has become a growing trend today. Many large American, European, and British corporations are eager to cut costs by off shoring customer service jobs to foreign firms for significantly lesser wages. Why Outsourcing? Some of the objectives a company will accomplish by outsourcing jobs to foreign firms are cost savings, having 24 hour customer service, and a centralized service center. Each of these points does however come at a price, and will sometimes outweigh the benefits. Saving money has been the greatest reason companies have chosen to send the majority of their customer service departments to other countries. The thought of cheap labor is enticing to many businesses when making the choice to off shore. The average call center graduate, usually holding a bachelor’s degree (BA) earns 3,000 rupees a week, which is the equivalent of 67 U. S. dollars (Aspden, 2006). To facilitate the need to off shore, construction of office space is taking 10 months to complete instead of the normal 18 months in Bangalore, India. Each month over 40 companies make the decision to outsource Information Technology (IT), back-office and customer service departments to India, and other countries. To fight the onslaught of new business, India has setup second tier cities to handle the overflow of demand and establish call centers such as Pune, Kolkata, and Jaipur, just to name a few. These cities in India are growing quickly to accommodate the need for outsourcing, while slowly loosing the foothold on the market due to the increases in pay. With other countries such as China, Hungary, and the Philippines competing for lower wage work, India may loose almost half it’s market share by 2007 (Aspden, 2006). However, companies are finding out that there are hidden costs involved with the outsourcing of customer service. A growing trend of customer dissatisfaction is causing major corporations to reconsider the outsourcing of its services. In a recent survey of pension policy holders in the United Kingdom (U. K. ) it was found that 75% would leave their current provider if they experienced bad customer service (Pfeffer, 2006). Mega corporations such as Dell, Capitol One, and JP Morgan all made an attempt to outsource customer service and all reversed course. Evidence is mounting that good customer service is pivotal in a company’s retention of customers. A 2005 Gartner study predicted that 60% of organizations that outsource customer-facing processes will see significant numbers of frustrated customers switching to competitors (Pfeffer, 2006). Even call centers in the United Kingdom (U. K. ) have reverted calls back to their own soil due to customer complaints, with the majority of those companies vowing to keep call centers in the U. K. (Kivlehan, 2005). The corporate mentality towards outsourcing is far understated as companies see the business case for the moves, assuming that customers do not pay attention to dialect and local customs. After years of wondering what all those fiber-optic cables laid around the earth at massive expense in the late 1990s would ever be good for, we finally have an answer: They are good for enabling call-center workers in Bangalore or Delhi to sound as if they are next door to everyone. Broadband’s killer app, it turns out, is India (Fox, 2003). Risk Management

The importance of branding in service companies

Branding plays a particular function in service companies because strong trade names addition clients ‘ trust of the unseeable purchase. Strong brands enable clients to better visualise and understand intangible merchandises. They cut down clients ‘ perceived pecuniary, societal, or safety hazard in purchasing services, which are hard to measure anterior to buy. Strong trade names are the alternates when the company offers no cloth to touch, no pants to seek on, no Citrullus vulgariss or apples to size up, no car to test-drive. In packaged goods, the merchandise is the primary trade name. However, with services, the company is the primary trade name. The venue of trade name impact differs for services because they lack the tangibleness that allows packaging, labeling, and exposing. It is non possible to box and expose an amusement or transit service in the same manner as Kodak bundles and shows movie. A comprehensive reappraisal of literature on research stuffs, articles and rating studies is done to measure the argument how pupils choose universities. Aesop ‘s fabrication of the difference between the North Wind and the Sun as to which was the strongest provides a good reminder that soft power can fit, every bit good as surpass, difficult power. You may retrieve that it was the Sun ‘s heat that caused the traveller to take his coat instead than the beastly force of the air current ‘s power. There are lessons here for modern-day organisations which might neglect to acknowledge the strength and strategic importance of their corporate trade name and the importance of client, employee and stakeholder ( corporate trade name ) designation. This is particularly the instance in higher instruction ( HE ) where pupil designation with a corporate brand/identity appears to be of considerable importance and, sometimes, high emotional engagement. ( John & A ; Mei-Na, 2007 ) When I applied to my university some 30 old ages ago, the inquiry was instead â€Å" academic † : did I desire to travel to a university near to place or one farther off? Assorted factors led me to come to the decision that I would use to a school 1,000 stat mis from the inadvertence of my parents, but in an country where I had extended household. The logic, principle, and analysis that goes into today ‘s college admittance procedure is much more complex with well more information and tools available to â€Å" assist † a pupil do a good choice. ( David, 2007 ) Greater competition among schools exists today to pull the best and brightest pupils. A university is no Longer merely an establishment of higher acquisition but besides a concern. In a competitory market place, consciousness of concern prosodies becomes more critical. ( David, 2007 ) Assorted corporate selling schemes are being employed in the academic universe as universities search for ways to better ranking. ( David, 2007 ) Teachers are professionals who use their cognition and experience to help their pupils as clients and who act in conformity with a set of values so that their behavior towards these clients is both ethical and professional. Their concerns are normally with the quality of educational experience which they provide to pupils and merely seldom and reluctantly with the commercial or selling facets of their work. Yet the latter provide important restraints on resources which necessarily affect results. ( Janet & A ; Hugh, 1996 ) Selling is a doctrine of direction through which establishments consider argument and clear up their implicit in rules and intents to run into the demands of their clients. Educational selling requires the designation of pupil and community demands and a committedness to run intoing those demands with a high quality merchandise. ( Janet & A ; Hugh, 1996 ) The facet of selling which seems to do most offense in schools is that which relates to selling. It is thought to be unprofessional, if non unethical, for professional callings to seek to pull usage when their inexplicit professional codifications emphasize looking after people selflessly. On the other manus, clients and possible clients may necessitate to cognize the quality of a school ‘s product/process and the competency of its staff if they are to do sound picks about how best to run into their ain demands. School prospectuses and unfastened yearss give parents some footing for informed picks every bit good as being agencies of giving them some history of how good a school is looking after their kids. ( Janet & A ; Hugh, 1996 ) Universities can better pupil keeping ( i.e. go oning with the same university after the undergraduate ) by trying to increase their degree of satisfaction ; their attempts will be more effectual if focused on showing the manner that the service provided has helped their clients to accomplish their aims, therefore foregrounding the strategic importance of the societal value. University administration can set about schemes to accomplish greater client trueness and higher ingestion of the service and get more clients. ( Luca & A ; Salvatore, 2010 ) Students do non see traditional university promotional tools such as the web site, prospectus and other written stuff as important in their pick and determination devising, since they find the information provided through these channels as unequal, misdirecting or non trustworthy for their determination devising. Therefore, universities should see other ways to advance themselves on the market. University promotional messages need to put accent on issues pupils find most of import to them and non issues universities think are most of import to pupils. This implies that the more favourable the pupils ‘ perceptual experience of the repute the higher the pupil ‘s trueness. In order to increase pupil satisfaction and trueness, directors of the universities should concentrate on facets such as service quality, information and installations. Since service quality is strongly linked to value creative activity ( student satisfaction ) , this ancestor should be the first one consi dered. ( Luca & A ; Salvatore, 2010 ) Universities are going more aggressive in their selling activities and demand to be clear about their placement and the image they want to convey to their public. An appropriate selling mix can be developed which non merely takes into history environmental factors, but besides an designation of pupil demands and the ability of the establishment to run into these demands. In peculiar, the university pick depends on two different classs of elements: the university related factors and the pupil related 1s. However, the two overlapping countries of instruction reflect on such a categorization. In fact, these two classs are in return interrelated and the weight of each on the value formation depends on the kineticss of the relationship between university and its pupils. ( Luca & A ; Salvatore, 2010 ) The strategic end of most organisations is to set up a corporate individuality that will be both feasible in the market place and accepted by society, and to make a consistent corporate image that meets the demands of all groups of stakeholders. Corporate individuality is constructed internally by stakeholders of the organisation. ( Tamilla, Russell & A ; William, 2009 ) In order to vie in the market place for the best pupils, qualified module and staff, every bit good as givers, universities should hold a strong corporate trade name. The consonant relationship between corporate individuality and corporate image for the multiple stakeholders at the multiple-campus system can be a ambitious undertaking. The clear definition of the university trade name combined with the strong leading is one of the of import facets to be successful. Higher instruction provides many similar â€Å" merchandises. † Universities with strong historical and cultural bequests have benefits in offering a clear foundation for their corporate stigmatization attempts. The alliance between corporate stigmatization, which consists of the corporate individuality and sensed corporate image and repute, and organisational civilization contribute to awareness among all stakeholders about who the university is and what it stands for. The internal credence of the revised trade nam e at all degrees plays a critical function in advancing the corporate trade name to external stakeholders and doing the establishment sustainable in the long tally. ( Tamilla et al, 2009 ) Educational establishments including schools and universities will be good served through utilizing corporate stigmatization schemes, as opposed to merchandise stigmatization schemes. For intangible merchandises such as instruction, corporate trade names involve and engage all stakeholders, including pupils, parents, the community, the authorities, and employees, amongst others. Through corporate stigmatization, the image of the organisation, as opposed to the properties of a merchandise ( instruction ) is used to distinguish the organisation, and construct the value of an educational establishment. ( Joo-Gim & A ; Michael, 2008 ) Ann and Jingsong consider the difference and interrelatedness between the construct of repute and trade name within the context of higher instruction. Owing to the nature of instruction and frequently intangible and latent results, it is hard for pupils to decode repute although it is frequently one of the cardinal indexs for prospective pupils ( and their parents ) to take a university. Percept of equity, leading and quality of an establishment are more of import in act uponing devouring behaviour. ( Ann & A ; Jingsong, 2010 ) Ann and Jingsong findings confirmed old research that university repute played a cardinal function in prospective pupils ‘ decision-making procedure and trade name consciousness. In peculiar, trade name trust in the university had a positive consequence on community ‘s sentiment of a prospective college. Furthermore, it may be concluded that the community construed the repute of instruction suppliers without sing their demographic background. ( Ann & A ; Jingsong, 2010 ) The survey by Rehnuma, Roger & A ; Sharmila asked 25 university selling and communications managers and directors in London and the south E of England to sketch what they believed immature people who were sing come ining university regarded as representing the chief elements of a university trade name. The respondents suggested that possible pupils perceived the being of six major constituents of an establishment ‘s trade name, many of which had analogues within the academic literature in the field, via ‘ambience ‘ , e.g. being friendly, inviting, advanced, earthy or ‘for people like me ‘ , location, grade of diverseness, and factors to make with ocular imagination, and with employability. Peoples in station 1992 universities viewed the grade of the diverseness of an establishment ‘s pupil organic structure to stand for an highly of import portion of its trade name, as this was perceived by prospective recruits. Other critical elements were stated to affect the scope of the classs offered by a peculiar university, repute, and community links. In Positions on the constituents of a university trade name 27 answer to prompted inquiries, the respondents by and large agreed that an establishment ‘s acquisition environment and athleticss and societal installations besides comprised important constituents of a university trade name. ( Rehnuma, Roger & A ; Sharmila, 2008 ) Positive trade name equity is the selling advantage that accrues to a company from the synergism of trade name consciousness and trade name significance. Despite the sensitivity to believe of Branding in the context of touchable merchandises, trade name cultivation is merely every bit critical for services. Strong brands addition clients ‘ trust of unseeable merchandises while assisting them to better understand and visualise what they are purchasing. Strong-brand service companies consciously pursue peculiarity in executing and pass oning the service, usage stigmatization to specify their ground for being, link emotionally with clients, and internalise the trade name for service suppliers so that they will construct it for clients. ( Leonard, 2000 ) Every university considers itself ace. But excessively many schools dilute their select stature by concentrating their brand-development attempts on bad advertisement or other reactionist attacks. Those universities that win in their stigmatization attempts are willing to borrow schemes from the corporate universe and acquire buy-in by prosecuting all interested components in the procedure. A sound solution is based on a long-run scheme: edifice a sustainable trade name. ( Rex, 2009 )Chapter 3Industrial AnalysisIndustrial AnalysisTheA instruction industryA consists of schools, colleges, universities and assorted private establishments. The instruction sector can be loosely classified into following classs: Elementary & A ; Secondary: This includes the instruction offered from baby's room to the twelfth class by assorted public, private and spiritual schools. Higher instruction: This includes assorted state-run and private colleges and universities. This besides includes Med Schools, Law Schools and Business Schools. Vocational instruction: This includes industry/job oriented instruction, based on the apprenticeship method of acquisition. The instruction industry is non merely restricted to these classs. It besides includes auxiliary instruction services, such as after-school tutoring, licence schools, particular or alternate instruction, educational content providers and professional development of decision makers and instructors. Literacy is the acquisition of basic accomplishments of reading, composing and numeracy. In other words, Literacy is the meaningful acquisition, development and usage of the written linguistic communication. In Pakistan, the definition of literate is structured at the clip of Population Census. In the 1998 Population Census, a literate individual has been defined as â€Å" One who can read newspaper and compose a simple missive in any linguistic communication † . As per Survey 2007 the estimated literacy Rate has comes to 56 % in 2007.History of the Education IndustryEducation has been practiced since clip immemorial to transfuse societal and cultural values. In the ancient times, the instruction system was verbal, carried out by and large by the seniors of the household. The authorship system developed around 3500 BC, enabling the recording and sharing of information. In most ancient societies, the province of literacy was black for centuries. The instruction industry was ab initio associated with jurisprudence, trade and commercialism, faith and civil disposal. Formal instruction was available to merely a little fraction of the population. The system developed in most states after 1850 CE. The modern instruction industry consists of preparation by professionals and organized instructions with regard to systematic course of study and teaching method.Demand & amp ; Supply Drivers of the Education IndustryThe demand drivers of the instruction sector include: Household disposable income. Cost of instruction. Opportunity cost of instruction ( instruction versus occupation ) . Cultural factors ( sentiment on instruction of misss ) . Role of authorities to hike instruction. The supply drivers of the industry include: Handiness of labour force ( instructors and decision makers ) . Government support ( to set up low-cost instruction centres ) Changes in societal mentality.Higher Education CommissionA ( HEC )TheA Higher Education CommissionA ( HEC ) , once the University Grant Commission, is the primary regulator of higher instruction in Pakistan. It besides facilitates the development of higher educational system inA Pakistan. Its chief intent is to upgrade theA Universities of PakistanA to be centres of instruction, research and development. The HEC is besides playing a prima function towards constructing a cognition based economic system in Pakistan by giving out 100s of doctorial scholarships for instruction abroad every twelvemonth.HEC Programs and UndertakingsHEC chief plans are following: Faculty development Curriculum alteration Higher instruction substructure development Autochthonal scholarships Foreign scholarships Patent filing support Conference travel grants Increase industry and university research coaction Developing new engineering ParkssHEC AccomplishmentsThe creative activity of HEC has had a positive impact on higher instruction in Pakistan. a ) Established the finest Digital Library in Pakistan: Every pupil in every populace sector university today has entree to 45,000 text editions research monographs from 220 international publishing houses every bit good as to 25,000 international research diaries – regarded as one of the best digital libraries anyplace in the universe. B ) Tripled University registration from 135,000 in the twelvemonth 2003 to 400,000 in 2008. degree Celsius ) Promoted research, ensuing in immense enlargement of international research publications from Pakistan from merely 600 research documents /yr in 2003 to 4300 research documents in 2008. vitamin D ) During the 56 twelvemonth period ( 1947-2003 ) non a individual Pakistani university could be ranked among the top 600 universities in the universe. Today 5 of Pakistani universities are in this class with the National University of Science and Technology standing at a really respectable figure 350. vitamin E ) Four twelvemonth undergraduate plan introduced so that our grades are internationally recognized. degree Fahrenheit ) About 5000 Ph.D. degree scholarships awarded for survey in technologically advanced states ( largest plan in developing universe ) and some 3,000 autochthonal Ph.D. scholarships have been awarded. The universe ‘s largest Fulbright Scholarship plan ( US $ 150 million ) launched with joint support ( HEC/USAID ) . g ) Fifty one new universities and degree awarding institutes and 18 campuses of bing universities established during ( 2003-2008 ) . These phenomenal developments have been described as a â€Å" Silent Revolution † by the World Bank in a comprehensive study, and a figure of columns and articles have appeared in the universe ‘s prima scientific discipline diary, Nature. In the most recent column ( 3rd September 2009 ) Nature has stated that what Pakistan has done under Prof. Atta-ur-Rahman ‘s leading during 2002-2008 is a lesson for other developing states.RegionUniversitiesPublicPrivateAJK422Balochistan866Federal Area16133Gilgit-Baltistan11–NWFP24159Punjab402218Sindh391425Entire1327359Chapter 4Organizational OverviewBahria UniversityBahria University is besides known asA † BU † . It is a multi campusA universityA with it headquarters in Islamabad, A Pakistan. BU has two chief campuses, one in Islamabad and the other inA Karachi, Pakistan. It was established by theA Pakistan NavyA in February 2000 by Presidential Ordinance No. V of 2000. Bahria is a co-ed public university reco gnized by theA Higher Education Commission of PakistanA and theA Pakistan Engineering Council.A It offers assorted two- and four-year plans for undergraduates and alumnuss, backed by a research institute. The chief accent of the university is on technology and direction scientific disciplines, though other subjects are besides offered.MissionBahria University is a multi-campus establishment of higher instruction, which will stay committed to the attainment of highest criterions in instruction, larning and research. The bookmans and professionals it produces will be encouraged to prosecute truth, civility and unity.AimsIn prosecuting this mission, the University has following aims: Establish Campuses, Research Institutes, Schools and Colleges across the length and comprehensiveness of Pakistan to turn the quickly increasing population into cognition based force. Fix the younger coevals to go future leaders and directors for a comfortable and educated Pakistan, through development of their physical, mental, moral and professional strengths. Ensure academic excellence through quality instruction in disciplined and peaceable acquisition environments. To offer pupils the benefits of rational challenge, and to foster accomplishments and qualities they need for their professional callings in front and to enable them to accomplish full potency as persons. Constantly proctor and ascent installations and update the course of study to maintain gait with the emerging tendencies and engineerings. Coordinate and supply installations for exchange of cognition and applied research in the freshly emerging Fieldss in coaction with national and international Universities and Research Institutions.Bahria University in a glanceFederally Chartered University. Disciplined, secure and congenial acquisition environment. Custom built campuses equipped with state-of-the-art installations conducive to the accomplishment of academic excellence.A Experienced and qualified module dedicated to excellence in instruction, customized preparation and applied research.A An up-to-date, calling oriented and accomplishments focused course of study aimed at developing proficient expertness, managerial capablenesss for run intoing the challenges of the 21st century.A Ample resources to introduce and react to the challenges of the emerging engineerings in the present twenty-four hours environment.A Institutes that are wonderfully located at easy accessible.Facilities in Bahria UniversityBahria has many installations some of which are described below:Health & A ; SecurityA well equipped dispensaries are available for exigency demands of both pupils and instructors. Bahria makes certain that pupils are good taken attention of in instance of demand. Ambulance, and security mechanisms are kept watchful to cover with and avoid possible exigencies. A hygienic environment is on the other manus, maintained through an effectual system, which, as a portion of its maps, proctors the general status of cleanliness and criterion of the nutrient supplied at different cafeterias.LibraryAt Bahria University the systems applied in the organisation of libraries make entree to information quick and simple. Supplied with the latest books, periodicals, magazines and diaries, the departmental/seminar libraries at different institutes and colleges provide the pupils with a comprehensive aggregation of books in the peculiar countries of surveies. The Bahria library is a expansive aggregation of 1000s of books, including valuable manuscripts, from all over the universe. The library is amongst the best libraries of Pakistan, provided with a bookman ‘s house for the abode of research bookmans.Computer LabsThe luxuriant computing machine installations at the chief and other campuses of the University offer extended use hours and state-of-the-art hardware and assortment of packages to do calculating existent learning experience. The installations comprise networked Personal computers ( Pentium IV ) linked to a broad scope of package, communicating and print services. The unfastened entree policy to the Internet at every campus is a portion of an extended, â€Å" Broadband † information web linking modules and campuses. All campuses have their ain waiter suites with intranet and Internet installations.Audio and Visual FacilitiesThe purpose being to do the teaching-learning procedure effectual and better, the classs at Bahria University are designed to be conducted with the assistance of the latest audio-visual installations, including over-head projectors, picture movies, multimedia, package plans and theoretical accounts etc. which are provided as a necessary portion in the attractively designed schoolrooms and research labs.Organizational StructureThe Institute hasA a squad work environment and is lead by the Campus Director.A The other squad members are HOD ( CS and E ) , HOD ( MS ) , HOD ( E & A ; ES ) , HOD ( SS ) , Deputy Director Admin, Programs Co-coordinator and Bursar.Departmental StructureAny section is headed by HOD and supported by four coordinators, module members and other proficient staff. Like if we take technology section so in it, the Engineering Coordinator is responsible to look after all technology laboratoriesA and technology course of study. The Course Coordinator is responsible for doing clip table and work outing jobs of the pupils and module members. The category advisers are responsible to advocate pupils for their academic lack and maintain close coordination with the class coordinator and HOD. Final Year Project Coordinator gives support in happening existent universe undertaking from the industry and apportioning supervisors, set uping their demos for defence of pupil ‘s undertakings. Internship coordinator maintains a complete record of pupil ‘s internship and is responsible for arrangement of pupils in the industry and rating of their work. The other squad members are Faculty Members, System and Lab Engineers.Affiliated Unit of measurementsBahria University has following affiliated units: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad Shifa College of Nursing, Islamabad Islamabad Medical & A ; Dental College, Islamabad Institute of Education TrainingA , RawalpindiDegrees offeredFollowing plans are being offered in different campuses:Bachelor plansBachelor of Business Administration Bachelor of Software Engineering Bachelor of Computer Engineering Bachelor of Media Studies Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics Bachelor of Engineering in Telecom Bachelor of Electronics and Telecom Management Bachelor ( Hons ) in Geology Bachelor ( Hons ) in Geophysicss Bachelor of Social Sciences Bachelor ( Hons ) in War Studies Bachelor ( Hons ) Naval Sciences Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery ( MBBS ) Bachelor of Dental Surgery Bachelor of Electronics and Telecom Management ( ETM ) Bachelor of Social SciencesMaestro plansMaestro of Business Administration Maestro of Science in Computer Engineering Maestro of Science in Telecom & A ; Networking Maestro of Science in Software Engineering Maestro of Science Geology Maestro of Science Professional PsychologyPMD plansPMD Educational Psychology PMD Clinical Psychology PMD Organizational PsychologyM.Phil. plansM.Phil. Clinical Psychology M.Phil. Educational Psychology M.Phil. Organizational PsychologyPh.D. plansPh.D. Clinical Psychology Ph.D. Educational Psychology Ph.D. Organizational PsychologyAccomplishments and awardsBahria University is the first Pakistani university to fall in more than 300 universities across theA Asia-PacificA part that has deployed mobile calculating and wireless engineerings. Bahria University is the first Pakistani university to associate its degree plan with community service. Bahria University has taken an enterprise to fit 4500 pupils with branded laptops with wireless engineering. In this respect, the university has signed MOUs withA Intel, A Acer Inc. , and theA Bank of Punjab. Laptops are provided to pupils at discounted monetary values with installment programs. Bahria University will be the first university in Pakistan to set up a campus atA Gawadar. The Prime Minister of Pakistan has approved the constitution of the Institute of Marine Sciences at Gawadar while the Pakistan Navy will supply land for the same.